Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap

BACKGROUND: In 1979, Kerrigan et al described the anatomical locations and potential reconstructive use of the different perforating branches of the intercostal artery. Later, in 1986, Holmstrom et al reported a flap based off the lateral perforating branch of the intercostal artery—the lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap—as an option for superolateral breast reconstruction. Since that time, the LICAP flap has been described in...