Internal medicine

Pathology

Erlotinib

Epidermal growth factor receptor

Bioinformatics

Biology

Cancer

Malignant pleural effusion

In vitro

Tumour heterogeneity

Lung

Lung cancer

Crizotinib

Organoid

Personalized medicine

Cell biology

Cancer research

Genetics

Medicine

Nature Communications

Lung cancer shows substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity across individuals, driving a need for personalised medicine. Here, we report lung cancer organoids and normal bronchial organoids established from patient tissues comprising five histological subtypes of lung cancer and non-neoplastic bronchial mucosa as in vitro models representing individual patient. The lung cancer organoids recapitulate the tissue architecture of the primary lung tumours and maintain the genomic alterations of the original tumours during long-term expansion in vitro. The normal bronchial organoids maintain cellular components of normal bronchial mucosa. Lung cancer organoids respond to drugs based on their genomic alterations: a BRCA2-mutant organoid to olaparib, an EGFR-mutant organoid to erlotinib, and an EGFR-mutant/MET-amplified organoid to crizotinib. Considering the short length of time from organoid establishment to drug testing, our newly developed model may prove useful for predicting patient-specific drug responses through in vitro patient-specific drug trials.

Patient-derived lung cancer organoids as in vitro cancer models for therapeutic screening