Angiotensin II and angiotensin 1–7: which is their role in atrial fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality as well as a public health burden considering the high costs of AF-related hospitalizations. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence showed a potential role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in the etiopathogenesis of AF. Among RAS mediators, angiotensin II (AII) and angiotensin 1–7 (A1–7) have been mostly investigated in AF. Specifically, the stimulation of the pathway...