Intensive care medicine

Tissue necrosis

Materials science

Surgery

Etiology

Biochemistry

Soft tissue

Sequela

Anatomy

Filler (materials)

Enzyme

Composite material

Hyaluronidase

Medicine

Chemistry

Hyaluronic acid

Pathology

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open

Soft-tissue filler use has grown considerably related to the increasing popularity of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Hyaluronic acid products are currently the most utilized soft-tissue fillers. Proper working knowledge of individual products, limitations to use, and anatomic principles can improve outcomes. Prevention is key to minimize complications; however, when present, complications must be managed methodically. Complications are categorized based on the timing of presentation and include early, late, and delayed. Vascular compromise and tissue necrosis are among the most devastating complications seen with filler use. Nodules can be related to an inflammatory or infectious etiology but should be distinguished as treatment varies. Hyaluronidase is mandatory to have available as a reversal agent for hyaluronic acid products and can be used in treatment for many complications and untoward sequela.

Practical Approach and Safety of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers