Bespoke

Aspirin

Biomedical engineering

Materials science

Ethyl cellulose

Naproxen

3D printing

Biochemistry

Computer science

Polypill

Polymer

Alternative medicine

Three dimensional printing

Nanotechnology

Dissolution testing

3d printed

Political science

Composite material

Medicine

Chemistry

Pathology

Pharmaceutics

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has demonstrated great potential for multi-material fabrication because of its capability for printing bespoke and spatially separated material conformations. Such a concept could revolutionise the pharmaceutical industry, enabling the production of personalised, multi-layered drug products on demand. Here, we developed a novel stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printing method that, for the first time, can be used to fabricate multi-layer constructs (polypills) with variable drug content and/or shape. Using this technique, six drugs, including paracetamol, caffeine, naproxen, chloramphenicol, prednisolone and aspirin, were printed with different geometries and material compositions. Drug distribution was visualised using Raman microscopy, which showed that whilst separate layers were successfully printed, several of the drugs diffused across the layers depending on their amorphous or crystalline phase. The printed constructs demonstrated excellent physical properties and the different material inclusions enabled distinct drug release profiles of the six actives within dissolution tests. For the first time, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of SLA printing as an innovative platform for multi-drug therapy production, facilitating a new era of personalised polypills.

3D Printing of a Multi-Layered Polypill Containing Six Drugs Using a Novel Stereolithographic Method