Background Binocular amblyopia treatments promote visual acuity recovery and binocularity by rebalancing the signal strength of dichoptic images. Most require active participation by the amblyopic child to play a game or perform a repetitive visual task. The purpose of this study was to investigate a passive form of binocular treatment with contrast-rebalanced dichoptic movies. Methods A total of 27 amblyopic children, 4-10 years of age, wore polarized glasses to watch 6 contrast-rebalanced dichoptic movies on a passive 3D display during a 2-week period. Amblyopic eye contrast was 100%; fellow eye contrast was initially set to a lower level (20%-60%), which allowed the child to overcome suppression and use binocular vision. Fellow eye contrast was incremented by 10% for each subsequent movie. Best-corrected visual acuity, random dot stereoacuity, and interocular suppression were measured at baseline and at 2 weeks. Results Amblyopic eye best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.57 ± 0.22 at baseline to 0.42 ± 0.23 logMAR (t26 = 8.09; P Conclusions In this cohort, passive viewing of contrast-rebalanced dichoptic movies effectively improved visual acuity in amblyopic subjects. The degree of improvement observed was similar to that previously reported for 2 weeks of binocular games treatment and with 3-4 months of occlusion therapy.
Last. Eileen E. Birch(UTSW: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center)H-Index: 83
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Abstract Purpose Strabismus or anisometropia disrupts binocularity and results in fixation instability, which is increased with amblyopia. Fixation instability has typically been assessed for each eye individually. Recently, vergence instability was reported in exotropic adults and monkeys during binocular viewing. We evaluated fixation instability during binocular viewing in children treated for anisometropia and/or strabismus. Methods 160 children age 4–12 years with treated esotropia and/or a...
#3Ruth E. Manny(UH: University of Houston)H-Index: 38
Last. David K. Wallace(IUPUI: Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis)H-Index: 48
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Purpose To compare visual acuity (VA) improvement in children aged 7 to 12 years with amblyopia treated with a binocular iPad game plus continued spectacle correction vs. continued spectacle correction alone. Design Multicenter randomized clinical trial. Participants One hundred thirty-eight participants aged 7 to 12 years with amblyopia (33–72 letters, i.e., approximately 20/200 to 20/40) resulting from strabismus, anisometropia, or both. Participants were required to have at least 16 weeks of ...
Last. Ann L. Webber(QUT: Queensland University of Technology)H-Index: 12
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IMPORTANCE : Reading and eye-hand coordination deficits in children with amblyopia may impede their ability to demonstrate their knowledge and skills, compete in sports and physical activities, and interact with peers. Because perceived scholastic, social, and athletic competence are key determinants of self-esteem in school-aged children, these deficits may influence a child's self-perception. OBJECTIVE : To determine whether amblyopia is associated with lowered self-perception of competence, a...
#2Mor Nahum(HWNI: Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute)H-Index: 16
Last. Dennis M. Levi(HWNI: Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute)H-Index: 82
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Abstract The gold-standard treatment for childhood amblyopia remains patching or penalizing the fellow eye, resulting in an average of about a one line (0.1 logMAR) improvement in visual acuity following ≈120 h of patching in children 3–8 years old. However, compliance with patching and other treatment options is often poor. In contrast, fast-paced action video games can be highly engaging, and have been shown to yield broad-based improvements in vision and attention in adult amblyopia. Here, we...
Importance A binocular approach to treating anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia has recently been advocated. Initial studies have yielded promising results, suggesting that a larger randomized clinical trial is warranted. Objective To compare visual acuity (VA) improvement in children with amblyopia treated with a binocular iPad game vs part-time patching. Design, Setting, and Participants A multicenter, noninferiority randomized clinical trial was conducted in community and institutional pra...
Last. Eileen E. Birch(UTSW: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center)H-Index: 83
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Importance Fellow eye patching has long been the standard treatment for amblyopia, but it does not always restore 20/20 vision or teach the eyes to work together. Amblyopia can be treated with binocular games that rebalance contrast between the eyes so that a child may overcome suppression. However, it is unclear whether binocular treatment is comparable to patching in treating amblyopia. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of a binocular iPad (Apple Inc) adventure game as amblyopia treatment...
Amblyopia is a common neurodevelopmental disorder of vision that is characterised by visual impairment in one eye and compromised binocular visual function. Existing evidence-based treatments for children include patching the nonamblyopic eye to encourage use of the amblyopic eye. Currently there are no widely accepted treatments available for adults with amblyopia. The aim of this trial is to assess the efficacy of a new binocular, videogame-based treatment for amblyopia in older children and a...
Last. Peter J. Bex(NU: Northeastern University)H-Index: 40
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Purpose Suppression has a key role in the etiology of amblyopia, and contrast-balanced binocular treatment can overcome suppression and improve visual acuity. Quantitative assessment of suppression could have a role in managing amblyopia. We describe a novel eye chart to assess suppression in children.
Purpose To compare the effectiveness of intermittent occlusion therapy (IO therapy) using liquid crystal glasses and continuous occlusion therapy using traditional adhesive patches for treating amblyopia. Methods Children 3-8 years of age with previously untreated, moderate, unilateral amblyopia (visual acuity of 20/40 to 20/100 in the amblyopic eye) were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Amblyopia was associated with strabismus, anisometropia, or both. All subjects had worn any opti...
#1Angela M. Chen(Marshall B. Ketchum University)H-Index: 5
#2Susan A. Cotter(Marshall B. Ketchum University)H-Index: 48
Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular vision loss in children1 with an estimated prevalence of approximately 2% in the United States.2–4 A developmental disorder of spatial vision, amblyopia is clinically defined as decreased best-corrected visual acuity (VA) in one, or less frequently both eyes, in the absence of any obvious structural anomalies or ocular disease. It is associated with abnormal visual experience, most commonly strabismus, anisometropia, or form deprivation that occurs...
Abstract null null Amblyopia is visual impairment characterized by a structurally normal eye showing significantly lower visual acuity than the fellow eye. Traditional treatment of amblyopia includes patching the good eye to force the amblyopic eye to work during normal daily activities; however, this approach is are limited by low compliance. Recently, researchers proposed a new treatment for amblyopia: video game playing. In the current review, we discuss whether video game playing can treat a...
#1Eileen E. Birch(UTSW: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center)H-Index: 83
#2Krista R. Kelly(UTSW: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center)H-Index: 4
Last. Jingyun Wang(SUNY: State University of New York System)
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Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular visual impairment in children, with a prevalence of 2-3%. Not only is visual acuity reduced in one eye but binocular vision is affected, fellow eye deficits may be present, eye-hand coordination and reading can be affected, and self-perception may be diminished. New technologies for preschool vision screening hold promise for accessible, early, and accurate detection of amblyopia. Together with recent advances in our theoretical understanding of am...
Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular poor vision affecting up to 3.7% of the global population. Classically, the first step in treatment has been optical correction, followed by patching and/or pharmacological treatment. However, this is an evolving scenario, since researchers and clinicians are interested in new binocular treatments due to the increasing development of new technologies. In this article main, current binocular treatments as Dig Rush, falling blocks, I-BiT, Occlu-tab, ...
#2Emily T.C. Tan(EUR: Erasmus University Rotterdam)H-Index: 1
Last. Sjoukje E. Loudon(EUR: Erasmus University Rotterdam)H-Index: 11
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PURPOSE In an ongoing randomised clinical trial comparing dichoptic VR video games with patching for amblyopia, we evaluated any potential barriers to successful use of this novel amblyopia treatment method. METHODS From December 2017, all newly diagnosed amblyopic children were recruited. Excluded were children under age 4 and patients with strabismus exceeding 30PD. The video game was played for 1 h per week at the outpatient clinic under direct supervision. Records were kept of difficulties e...
Purpose: Recently, Eyetronix Flicker Glass (EFG) has been introduced as a novel treatment for amblyopia. It alternatively deprives the visual input of each eye rapidly (ex. 7 Hz). However, whether it is comparable to standard patching therapy is unclear. In this randomized clinical trial, we evaluate the efficacy of an EFG therapy as treatment for amblyopia in children and compared it to patching. Methods: We tested 31 children (aged 4-13 years) with amblyopia. They were assigned into one of the...
Abstract Background The effectiveness of amblyopia therapy can be limited by poor adherence. Dichoptic therapies are a new approach, but recent trials have demonstrated difficulty maintaining high adherence over extended periods of at-home treatment. We evaluated the efficacy and adherence of Luminopia One—a dichoptic treatment that applies therapeutic modifications to streaming content chosen by the patient. Methods This single-arm, multicenter prospective pilot study enrolled children aged 4-1...
Last. Eric D. Gaier(Picower Institute for Learning and Memory)H-Index: 14
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Traditional therapies to treat amblyopia, such as optical correction or occlusion/penalization of the non-amblyopic eye, are efficacious but are not without limitations such as poor adherence and d...
#2Nívea Nunes Ferraz(UNIFESP: Federal University of São Paulo)H-Index: 2
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of amblyopia on children’s reading performance after the successful patching treatment with 20/20 visual acuity (VA) in the treated eye...
Recent clinical trials failed to endorse dichoptic training for amblyopia treatment. Here, we proposed an alternative training strategy that focused on reducing signal threshold contrast in the amblyopic eye under a constant and high noise contrast in the fellow eye (HNC), and compared it to a typical dichoptic strategy that aimed at increasing the tolerable noise contrast in the fellow eye (i.e., TNC strategy). We recruited 16 patients with amblyopia and divided them into two groups. Eight pati...
Abstract Purpose To describe amblyopia prevalenceandoutcomes using results from randomized studies anda clinical registry Design Review of published studies, analysis ofdata in Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) Registry from 2013 to 2019, personal perspective; Methods Literature review, analysis of IRIS Registry dataand IRIS-50, a visual acuityquality measure Results Clinical trials have reduced the treatment burden of amblyopia by reducing hours of patching and frequency of atropine eye drop...
