A modified stiffness method considering effects of hole tensile deformation on bolt load distribution in multi-bolt composite joints

The bolt holes of multi-bolt composite joints have bearing deformation caused by bolt loads and hole tensile deformation resulted from bypass loads. However, the hole tensile deformation was neglected in the existing stiffness method, because the stiffness formula of laminates without hole was applied for the joined hole laminates, which leads to a relatively rough prediction of the bolt load distribution, especially for the multi-bolt joints...