Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Clinical Course of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PanNETs)

Purpose: This study evaluated the potential role of immune cells and molecules in the pathogenesis and clinical course of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). Experimental Design: Surgically resected PanNETs (N = 104) were immunohistochemically analyzed for Ki67 index, mitotic rate, macrophage, CD4+ cells, and CD8+ T-cell infiltration, as well as HLA class I, PD-L1, and B7-H3 expression. Results were correlated with clinicopathologic...