Instability analysis of a deep tunnel under triaxial loads using a three-dimensional numerical method with strength reduction method

Influence of triaxial stress states on failure behaviors and safety factor of deep tunnels, involving the intermediate principal stress and the ratio of the vertical stress to the horizontal stress, is investigated using a three-dimensional numerical model and the strength reduction method (SRM). The numerical model is able to consider the heterogeneity of rock masses described by the Weibull distribution based on the statistical damage theory....