Neuroscience

Pedagogy

Bilingual education

Translanguaging

Literacy

Mathematics education

Philosophy

Psychology

Reading comprehension

Emergent literacy

Linguistics

Formative assessment

Neuroscience of multilingualism

Metalinguistics

Teaching method

Reading (process)

Vocabulary development

Language Arts

This study examines how teachers adapt formative reading assessments for emergent bilinguals by making space for their students’ multilingual language practices.

Translanguaging and Responsive Assessment Adaptations: Emergent Bilingual Readers through the Lens of Possibility