Arterial Wall Penetration Forces in Needles versus Cannulas

Background: If safety is defined as the diminished ability to penetrate facial arteries, the goal of this study was to investigate whether different-sized cannulas are safer than correspondingly sized needles for the application of facial soft-tissue fillers. Methods: Two hundred ninety-four penetration procedures of the facial and superficial temporal arteries were performed in four fresh frozen cephalic specimens using both needles (20-, 22-,...