Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Male infertility

Mycoplasma genitalium

Urethritis

Biology

Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Immunology

Genetics

Oxidative stress

Microbiology

Inflammation

Prostatitis

Infertility

Internal medicine

Prostate

Gynecology

Medicine

Cancer

Pregnancy

Andrologia

Oxidative stress (OS), defined as an overabundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or a deficiency of antioxidants, has been linked to sperm damage and male infertility. There are many sources of OS and inflammation including varicocele, tobacco usage, alcohol, obesity/metabolic syndrome, leukocytospermia, sexually transmitted disease (i.e., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum), bacterial prostatitis, microorganism mutations leading to more OS, and viral infections (i.e., human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis). This review is focusing on infection and inflammation-mediated OS, the inflammatory markers underlying pathology, clinical significance in male infertility, and a brief description of the recommended treatment modalities.

Role of oxidative stress, infection and inflammation in male infertility