Quantum mechanics

Voltage

Engineering

Photodetector

Crystal (programming language)

Materials science

Photodetection

Plasma

Computer science

Perovskite (structure)

Inorganic chemistry

Surface roughness

Transistor

Physics

Nanotechnology

Electron mobility

Ambipolar diffusion

Composite material

Field-effect transistor

Crystallography

Chemistry

Programming language

Photovoltaics

Optoelectronics

Nanometre

Photovoltaic system

Halide

Electrical engineering

Nature Communications

The fields of photovoltaics, photodetection and light emission have seen tremendous activity in recent years with the advent of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Yet, there have been far fewer reports of perovskite-based field-effect transistors. The lateral and interfacial transport requirements of transistors make them particularly vulnerable to surface contamination and defects rife in polycrystalline films and bulk single crystals. Here, we demonstrate a spatially-confined inverse temperature crystallization strategy which synthesizes micrometre-thin single crystals of methylammonium lead halide perovskites MAPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) with sub-nanometer surface roughness and very low surface contamination. These benefit the integration of MAPbX 3 crystals into ambipolar transistors and yield record, room-temperature field-effect mobility up to 4.7 and 1.5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in p and n channel devices respectively, with 10 4 to 10 5 on-off ratio and low turn-on voltages. This work paves the way for integrating hybrid perovskite crystals into printed, flexible and transparent electronics.

Single crystal hybrid perovskite field-effect transistors