Sodium

Engineering

Electrochemistry

Metallurgy

Materials science

Cathode

Crystal structure

Nanosheet

Inorganic chemistry

Chemical engineering

Physical chemistry

Nanotechnology

Organic chemistry

Manganese

Monoclinic crystal system

Birnessite

Crystallography

Chemistry

Octahedron

Electrode

Manganese oxide

Nature Communications

Sodium transition metal oxides with layered structures are attractive cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their large theoretical specific capacities. However, these layered oxides suffer from poor cyclability and low rate performance because of structural instability and sluggish electrode kinetics. In the present work, we show the sodiation reaction of Mn3O4 to yield crystal water free NaMnO2-y-δ(OH)2y, a monoclinic polymorph of sodium birnessite bearing Na/Mn(OH)8 hexahedra and Na/MnO6 octahedra. With the new polymorph, NaMnO2-y-δ(OH)2y exhibits an enlarged interlayer distance of about 7 Å, which is in favor of fast sodium ion migration and good structural stability. In combination of the favorable nanosheet morphology, NaMn2-y-δ(OH)2y cathode delivers large specific capacity up to 211.9 mAh g-1, excellent cycle performance (94.6% capacity retention after 1000 cycles), and outstanding rate capability (156.0 mAh g-1 at 50 C). This study demonstrates an effective approach in tailoring the structural and electrochemical properties of birnessite towards superior cathode performance in sodium-ion batteries.

A monoclinic polymorph of sodium birnessite for ultrafast and ultrastable sodium ion storage