Experimental and finite element analysis on oscillating cold forming in consideration of nonlinear loading-unloading-reloading behavior

Oscillating cold forming (OCF) has gained attentions in automotive and aerospace industries owing to force reduction and enhanced precision. However, the mechanism of force reduction and material flow in the OCF compared to those of conventional cold forming (CCF) was not clear. Therefore, the implementation of realistic elastic response under loading–unloading–loading (LUL) cyclic condition, which is the one of main deformation mechanism of...