Upgrade of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to Dicarboxylic Acids onto Multifunctional-Based Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ Magnetic Catalysts

The oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to valuable dicarboxylic acids has been investigated on magnetic-separable nanocatalysts in the search for selectivity enhancement. Cationic Ru(4 wt %)-Fe3O4@SiO2 catalyst led to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), with a selectivity of 80.6% for HMF conversion of 92%. Replacing the deposited noble metal with a transitional oneand NaOH with n-butylamine ensured further advantages, such as the...