Biotechnology

Organic chemistry

Pulp and paper industry

Biology

Fermentation

Nutrient

Engineering

Bioenergy

Chemistry

Food waste

Biorefinery

Bioplastic

Industrial fermentation

Wastewater

Food science

Environmental science

Anaerobic digestion

Methane

Biofuel

Waste management

Biogas

Environmental engineering

Food processing

Journal of Environmental Management

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are a class of largely used compounds in the chemical industry, serving as starting molecules for bioenergy production and for the synthesis of a variety of products, such as biopolymers, reduced chemicals and derivatives. Because of the huge amounts of food waste generated from household and processing industry, 47 and 17 million tons per year respectively only in the EU-28 Countries, food wastes can be the right candidate for volatile fatty acids production. This review investigates all the major topics involved in the optimization of VFAs production from food wastes. Regarding the best operative conditions for the anaerobic fermenter controlled pH in the neutral range (6.0–7.0), short HRT (lower than 10 days), thermophilic temperatures and an organic loading rate of about 10 kgVS/m3d, allowed for an increase in the VFAs concentration between 10 and 25%. It was also found that additions of mineral acids, from 0.5 to 3.0%, and thermal pretreatment in the range 140–170 °C increase the organic matter solubilisation. Applications of VFAs considered in this study were biofuels and bioplastics production as well as nutrients removal in biological wastewater treatment processes.

Volatile fatty acids production from food wastes for biorefinery platforms: A review