Oceanography

Geology

Engineering

Fabrication

Pathology

Composite material

Organic chemistry

Chemistry

Particle size

Materials science

Alternative medicine

Raw material

Fused filament fabrication

Polypropylene

Particle (ecology)

Extrusion

Polyethylene

Polyethylene terephthalate

Pellets

Polylactic acid

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

Chemical engineering

Polymer

Medicine

Plastics extrusion

Materials

Fused particle fabrication (FPF) (or fused granular fabrication (FGF)) has potential for increasing recycled polymers in 3-D printing. Here, the open source Gigabot X is used to develop a new method to optimize FPF/FGF for recycled materials. Virgin polylactic acid (PLA) pellets and prints were analyzed and were then compared to four recycled polymers including the two most popular printing materials (PLA and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) as well as the two most common waste plastics (polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP)). The size characteristics of the various materials were quantified using digital image processing. Then, power and nozzle velocity matrices were used to optimize the print speed, and a print test was used to maximize the output for a two-temperature stage extruder for a given polymer feedstock. ASTM type 4 tensile tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of each plastic when they were printed with a particle drive extruder system and were compared with filament printing. The results showed that the Gigabot X can print materials 6.5× to 13× faster than conventional printers depending on the material, with no significant reduction in the mechanical properties. It was concluded that the Gigabot X and similar FPF/FGF printers can utilize a wide range of recycled polymer materials with minimal post processing.

Fused Particle Fabrication 3-D Printing: Recycled Materials' Optimization and Mechanical Properties.