Gene

Kinase

Cell biology

Biology

Angiogenesis

Erythropoietin

Endocrinology

Apoptosis

Ischemia

Protein kinase B

Signal transduction

Cancer research

Biochemistry

Hypoxia (environmental)

Organic chemistry

Oxygen

Internal medicine

Medicine

Chemistry

PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Hypoxia-inducible factors

Molecular Medicine Reports

Hypoxia‑ischemia (H‑I) is frequently observed in perinatal asphyxia and other diseases. It can lead to serious cardiac injury, cerebral damage, neurological disability and mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that the phosphatidylinositol‑3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, which regulates a wide range of cellular functions, is involved in the resistance response to H‑I through the activation of proteins associated with survival and inactivation of apoptosis‑associated proteins. It can also regulate the expression of hypoxia‑induced factor‑1α (HIF‑1α). HIF‑1α can further regulate the expression of downstream proteins involved in glucose metabolism and angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin, to facilitate ischemic adaptation. Notably, HIF‑1α may also induce detrimental effects. The effects of HIF‑1 on ischemic outcomes may be dependent on the H‑I duration, animal age and species. Thus, further investigation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may provide further insights of the potential targets for treating diseases accompanied by H‑I.

PI3K/Akt and HIF‑1 signaling pathway in hypoxia‑ischemia (Review)