Different miniaturized extraction methodologies followed by GC-MS/MS analysis for the determination of UV filters in beach sand

Four different miniaturized methodologies were developed and applied to the analysis of 11 UV filters in sand samples. These approaches were based on ultrasound and vortex extractions, on-column lixiviation, and ultrasound extraction followed by solid-phase microextraction. Gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used for quantitative analysis. The analytical performance provided by the four methods was evaluated in terms of...