Physics

Internal medicine

Pediatrics

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic syndrome

Disease

Pathogenesis

Incidence (geometry)

Optics

Immunology

Prednisone

Proteinuria

Kidney

Minimal change disease

Immune dysregulation

Kidney disease

Glomerulonephritis

Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Medicine

The Lancet

The incidence of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) is 1·15–16·9 per 100 000 children, varying by ethnicity and region. The cause remains unknown but the pathogenesis of idiopathic NS is thought to involve immune dysregulation, systemic circulating factors, or inherited structural abnormalities of the podocyte. Genetic risk is more commonly described among children with steroid-resistant disease. The mainstay of therapy is prednisone for the vast majority of patients who are steroid responsive; however, the disease can run a frequently relapsing course, necessitating the need for alternative immunosuppressive agents.

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children