Smart Window Based on Electric Unfolding of Microwrinkled TiO₂ Nanometric Films

Flat glass is clear while frosted glass with a microrough surface appears translucent by light scattering. Motivated by this optical surface scatterer, a transparent soft media with electrically tunable surface roughness could make a low-cost smart window. Recently, a dielectric elastomer actuator with microwrinkled transparent compliant electrodes was proposed to make such a smart window, but its active microwrinkled area occupied only a small...