Firm level offshoring activities, pollution regulation, triple bottom line, and market structure: What do they have in common?

Facing global competition, multinational corporations (MNCs) have considered offshoring as a viable alternative to domestic production. By offshoring production, MNCs have generally enjoyed lower labor costs and higher production efficiencies, in addition to other benefits. Unfortunately, target countries chosen for such activities tend to be pollution friendly countries. To make matter worse, strong environmental pollution regulations in host...