Study of ultrasonic wave characteristics of shale in triaxial compression tests

Changes in the velocity, amplitude and attenuation of ultrasonic waves are accompanied by physical changes during rock failure. A large number of triaxial compression tests were performed to study the progressive failure of shale rock according to these physical properties. The tested shale samples had different bedding planes and were subjected to different confining pressures. During the experiments, ultrasonic wave testing was used to monitor...