Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>o</i>-Vanillic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages and Inflammation Models

Inflammation is an important biological reaction in the body in response to external stimuli. Excessive inflammation causes various inflammatory disorders such as allergic hypersensitivity, autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Macrophages play a major role in the inflammatory response by producing inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Natural products are often a source of...