Abstract Introduction Given the rapid rise in availability and use, understanding the perception of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) products in pregnant women is vital. As more women of reproductive age use these products, it is likely that their use during pregnancy is also increasing. This study investigated the use of ENDS and tobacco cigarettes, along with knowledge and perceptions of associated health risks in pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a university-based obstetrical clinic. A 32-item self-administered survey was used to collect participants' knowledge, use, and risk perceptions of ENDS and tobacco smoking. Bivariate associations of demographics and ENDS user status were explored using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Average differences in agreement with perception statements across ENDS user status were tested using ANOVA with Tukey's tests for multiple comparisons. Results Of 382 participants, 57.9% were 21-29 years old and 60.1% had some college or higher education. 30.3% reported using both ENDS and tobacco cigarettes and 11.9% were current ENDS users. The majority of participants had adequate knowledge about the facts and safety of ENDS and there was no difference across three ENDS user status groups. ENDS users perceived significantly lower risk of ENDS and higher benefit of using ENDS to aid quitting tobacco smoking, compared to non-ENDS users. The majority of participants reported that their healthcare providers less frequently assessed ENDS use during their prenatal visits, compared to tobacco cigarette use. Conclusions There is critical need for healthcare providers to increase the screening for ENDS use during pregnancy and promote awareness of risks and benefits of ENDS in pregnant women.
#1Jennifer B. Dwyer(UCI: University of California, Irvine)H-Index: 9
#2Anjelica Cardenas(UCI: University of California, Irvine)H-Index: 1
Last. Frances M. Leslie(UCI: University of California, Irvine)H-Index: 69
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Despite persistent public health initiatives, many women continue to smoke during pregnancy. Since maternal smoking has been linked to persisting sex-dependent neurobehavioral deficits in offspring, some consider nicotine to be a safer alternative to tobacco during pregnancy, and the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems is on the rise. We presently show, however, that sustained exposure to low doses of nicotine during fetal development, approximating plasma levels seen clinically with the...
Background: The developing lung is uniquely susceptible and may be at increased risk of injury with exposure to e-cigarette constituents. We hypothesize that cellular toxicity and airway and vascular responses with exposure to flavored refill solutions may be altered in the immature lung. Methods: Fetal, neonatal, and adult ovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) were exposed to popular flavored nicotine-free e-cigarette refill solutions (menthol, strawberry, tobacco, and vanilla) and...
#1Victor M. Cardenas(University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences)H-Index: 21
#2Lori A. Fischbach(University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences)H-Index: 21
Last. Parimal Chowdhury(University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences)H-Index: 22
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INTRODUCTION: Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among pregnant women is of great concern. To our knowledge the current literature provides conflicting views regarding the uncertainties of the effects of ENDS use during pregnancy on the health of the fetus. METHODS: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE, for the period 2007 to October 2017 for terms to identify publications on ENDS use during pregnancy and the reproductive outcomes. We updated the search for the period November ...
Abstract Introduction Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, or vaping, is increasing against a backdrop of declining smoking rates. E-cigarettes contain fewer toxicants than cigarettes, but their appearance and mode of use has the potential to satisfy the habitual aspects of smoking. To date, we know little about lay perceptions of the safety of using e-cigarettes in pregnancy. Methods We conducted a thematic discourse analysis of 13 online discussion forum threads that discussed e-cigarette u...
#1Lucinda J. England(CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)H-Index: 39
#2Van T. Tong(CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)H-Index: 27
Last. Brian Southwell(RTP: Research Triangle Park)H-Index: 30
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The increasing availability of emerging non-combusted tobacco products (snus, dissolvables, and electronic nicotine delivery systems or ENDS) may have implications for pregnant women and women of reproductive age. We conducted 15 focus groups to explore how women perceive emerging non-combusted tobacco products and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in general, and during pregnancy. Sessions were held in 2013 in four U.S. cities. Participants were 18–40 years old and were pregnant smokers, pregn...
Abstract Introduction The study aim was to examine impulsivity and other risk factors for e-cigarette use among women of reproductive age comparing current daily cigarette smokers to never cigarette smokers. Women of reproductive age are of special interest because of the additional risk that tobacco and nicotine use represents should they become pregnant. Method Survey data were collected anonymously online using Amazon Mechanical Turk in 2014. Participants were 800 women ages 24–44 years from ...
#1Maike K. Kahr(BCM: Baylor College of Medicine)H-Index: 7
#2Shannon Padgett(BCM: Baylor College of Medicine)H-Index: 1
Last. Melissa J. Suter(BCM: Baylor College of Medicine)H-Index: 36
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Background Studies reveal that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and hookah use are increasing among adolescents and young adults. However, the long-term health effects are unknown, especially with regards to pregnancy. Because of the increased use in women of reproductive age, and the unknown long-term health risks, our primary objectives were to determine the perceived risks of e-cigarette and hookah use in pregnancy, and learn common colloquial terms associated with e-cigarettes. Furthermore...
Update of the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on counseling and interventions to prevent tobacco use and tobacco-related disease in adults, including pregnant women.The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on interventions for tobacco smoking cessation that are relevant to primary care (behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy, and complementary or alternative therapy) in adults, including pregnant women.This recommendation applies to adults aged 18 years or older, incl...
Risk perceptions — or an individual's perceived susceptibility to a threat — are a key component of many health behavior change theories. Risk perceptions are often targeted in health behavior change interventions, and recent meta-analytic evidence suggests that interventions that successfully engage and change risk perceptions produce subsequent increases in health behaviors. Here, we review recent literature on risk perceptions and health behavior, including research on the formation of risk p...
This review examines the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes following electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use during pregnancy, and considers whether there are sufficient data to support ENDS as a harm reduction approach during pregnancy. Seven papers assessed perinatal outcomes following ENDS use during pregnancy. There was evidence that ENDS use was associated with increased risk for some adverse perinatal outcomes (e.g., small for gestational age). However, the repeated use of data se...
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine differences between perceived harm of cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use while pregnant and differences between healthcare providers' communication about these products during pregnancy. METHODS A convenience sample of gestational women (n = 218; ages 18-45) living in the US completed an online survey between May and December 2017. Participants reported perceived likelihood of adverse health outcomes (e.g., low birth weight, s...
This review examines Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use behavior during pregnancy, including the prevalence of and transitions in use during pregnancy. Twenty-two papers addressed the prevalence of and/or transitions in ENDS use during pregnancy. Findings show a complex landscape of ENDS use. A minority (0.4–7.0%) of pregnant persons use ENDS; most commonly this occurs in the form of dual use (ENDS and combustible cigarettes (CC); 75%). Many pregnant persons report using ENDS becaus...
#2Blair J. Wylie(BIDMC: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)H-Index: 22
Last. Michele R. Hacker(BIDMC: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)H-Index: 32
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OBJECTIVES Nicotine crosses the placenta and is a known teratogen. The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased among pregnant women in the US, but there is limited knowledge about their effects on birth outcomes. We examined the associations between ENDS and cigarette use during pregnancy with birth outcomes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 57,046 respondents from 32 US states in the 2016-2017 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Respondents se...
Last. Alison Breland(VCU: Virginia Commonwealth University)H-Index: 17
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Introduction In the US, approximately 8% of pregnant women smoke, and 5-11.9% currently use ENDS products. The health effects of ENDS use are debated; however, most contain nicotine which is known to cause adverse perinatal outcomes. Studies have shown adult ENDS users significantly alter use behaviors over time (switch to conventional cigarettes-only or dual use) thus complicating efforts to examine health effects of ENDS use. The purpose of this study was to describe switching behaviors and as...
Active and passive exposure to tobacco cigarettes during pregnancy is associated with multiple negative health outcomes for the fetus. In addition, exposure to e-cigarettes has been progressively discussed as a new threat to fetal health. Until now, there has been a lack of studies examining active and passive exposure to tobacco and e-cigarettes among pregnant women. The objective of our current STudy on E-cigarettes and Pregnancy (STEP) was to advance and complement the current knowledge regar...
Introduction E-cigarette use during pregnancy is a risk factor for maternal and fetal health. Early studies on animals showed that in utero exposure to e-cigarettes can have negative health outcomes for the fetus. There has been only limited research into the risk perceptions of e-cigarette use during pregnancy. This study was conducted to comprehensively characterize the constructs of risk perceptions with regard to e-cigarette use during pregnancy using an Integrated Health Belief Model (IHBM)...
Last. Leonie S. Brose('KCL': King's College London)H-Index: 24
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INTRODUCTION Smoking in pregnancy increases the risk of negative health outcomes. Vaping can be effective for smoking cessation in non-pregnant populations. We conducted a systematic review of vaping in pregnancy, covering prevalence, patterns of use, reasons for use, smoking cessation and health effects. METHODS Five academic databases were searched on 17 February 2020. Studies reporting prevalence, patterns, reasons, cessation or health effects of vaping in pregnancy were included; animal and ...
The prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems, such as vaping, is a growing public health concern, and there is limited information on the use of these devices during pregnancy. The objective of this rapid review was to summarize the available literature on human studies of the potential maternal or fetal health effects of vaping or women's perceptions of vaping during pregnancy. A systematic search was completed in the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and C...
Use of e-cigarettes (vaping) has potential to help pregnant women stop smoking. This study explored factors influencing adherence among participants in the vaping arm of the first trial of vaping for smoking cessation in pregnancy. We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews (n = 28) with women at three-months postpartum. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, informed by the Theoretical-Domains Framework, Necessity-Concerns Framework and Perceptions and Practicalities Approach....