Abstract University students often claim to have problems managing the time required to carry out their study demands successfully, which leads to discontent. The question is how much time do students really invest in their studies, what changes occur in time investment over a full academic term, and finally, how is study time related with students' daily study satisfaction? Daily time-series data taken from 105 university students over 154 days were analyzed by means of process analysis techniques and multilevel analysis. The learning time trajectories show a quadratic trend in independent study time and a linear decrease in lecture time. Students' daily study satisfaction was positively related to time investment, but even more strongly to planning, effort, and procrastination. Usage of breaks between lectures was found to be an independent predictor of learning satisfaction. These results have practical implications for increasing students’ learning satisfaction beyond the impact of pure time investment.
ABSTRACTMeasurement is a central issue for the self-regulated learning (SRL) field as SRL is a phenomenon difficult to measure in a reliable and valid way. Here, 3 waves in the history of SRL measurement are identified and profiled. Our focus lies on the third and newest one, which combines measurement and intervention within the same tools. The basis for this approach is located in the reactivity principle via students’ self-monitoring: when students are aware of their actions, they can react a...
Last. Bernhard Schmitz(Technische Universität Darmstadt)H-Index: 23
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Abstract Trainings on self-regulated learning (SRL) have been shown to be effective in improving both competence of self-regulated learning and objective measures of performance. However, human trainers can reach only a limited number of people at a time. Web-based trainings (WBT) could improve efficiency, as they can be distributed to potentially unlimited numbers of participants. We developed a WBT based on the process model of SRL by Schmitz and Wiese (2006) and tested it with 211 university ...
A DC motor speed control circuit in which the current to the motor is delivered in a series of pulses the width of which is variable in accordance with the setting on a throttle control potentiometer. The pulses are shaped to provide a fast turn on and slow turn off of the control transistor to avoid heat build up and lessen the inductive kickback of the motor. A novel feedback circuit senses excessive current draw and automatically shuts down the circuit and remains latched in that condition un...
Last. Inge Schnyder(University of Fribourg)H-Index: 11
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Homework time and achievement are only modestly associated, whereas homework effort has consistently been shown to positively predict later achievement. We argue that time spent on homework can be an important predictor of achievement when combined with measures of homework effort. Latent profile analyses were applied to a longitudinal data set with 1915 eighth-grade students who had been surveyed on their homework behavior in French as a second language. There were three main findings. First, b...
#1Andrew J. Martin(UNSW: University of New South Wales)H-Index: 104
#2Brad Papworth(USYD: University of Sydney)H-Index: 9
Last. Rafael A. Calvo(USYD: University of Sydney)H-Index: 49
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Abstract This study collected intensive intra-individual real-time longitudinal motivation and engagement data using mobile electronic devices for one month. A four-level model consisted of within-day ratings at the first level (3 ratings per day), between-day ratings at the second level (5 days per week), between-week ratings at the third level (4 weeks), and between-student ratings at the fourth level (60 possible time points per student). After controlling for socio-demographics and prior ach...
A review of 13 years of research into antecedents of university students' grade point average (GPA) scores generated the following: a comprehensive, conceptual map of known correlates of tertiary GPA; assessment of the magnitude of average, weighted correlations with GPA; and tests of multivariate models of GPA correlates within and across research domains. A systematic search of PsycINFO and Web of Knowledge databases between 1997 and 2010 identified 7,167 English-language articles yielding 241...
This study presents a new approach to estimation of a nonlinear growth curve component with fixed and random effects in multilevel modeling. This approach can be used to estimate change in longitudinal data, such as day-of-the-week fluctuation. The motivation of the new approach is to avoid spurious estimates in a random coefficient regression model due to the synchronized periodical effect (e.g., day-of-the-week fluctuation) appearing both in independent and dependent variables. First, the new ...
This study aims at enhancing math learning and general self-regulation by supporting daily self-regulated learning during math homework. The authors use standardized diaries as a self-monitoring tool to support self-regulatory behaviour. Following the theory of self-monitoring, frequent selfmonitoring of self-regulation will lead to an enhancement of self-regulated learning. Complete data stem from a sample of 195 8th grade students. 95 students from the experimental group answer questions in di...
Using multiple datasets from different time periods, we document declines in academic time investment by full-time college students in the United States between 1961 and 2003. Full-time students allocated 40 hours per week toward class and studying in 1961, whereas by 2003 they were investing about 27 hours per week. Declines were extremely broad-based, and are not easily accounted for by framing effects, work or major choices, or compositional changes in students or schools. We conclude that th...
Background/Context: Previous research has established the significance of academic study time on undergraduate students’ academic performance. The effects of other uses of time are, however, in dispute. Some researchers have argued that students involved in activities that require initiative and effort also perform better in class, while students who engage in mainly passive entertainments perform less well. Other researchers have argued that stu dents who are connected to the campus through res...
Last. Bärbel Kracke(FSU: University of Jena)H-Index: 11
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Abstract University courses often employ “one-size-fits-all” approaches, disregarding the heterogeneity in students’ cognitive and motivational characteristics. This intervention study reports on an individualized learning design for online teaching in higher education. In a randomized field experiment with N = 438 university students (57% female, mean age M = 20.96 years), we investigated the effects of the learning design on students’ motivation (self-concept, self-efficacy, intrinsic and util...
Abstract The present meta-analysis tested the effects of extended self-regulated learning training programs on academic performance, self-regulated learning strategies, and motivation of university students. The literature search revealed 49 studies (5,786 participants) that met the inclusion criteria. A three-level meta-analysis based on 251 effect sizes revealed an overall effect size of g = .38. The largest effect sizes were obtained for metacognitive strategies (g = .40) and resource managem...
Last. Josette M.P. Gevers(TU/e: Eindhoven University of Technology)H-Index: 9
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Abstract Students' time and effort investments are a critical predictor of academic performance. However, little is known about how effort distribution in exam preparation affects exam performance. In a five-wave longitudinal field study, we investigated how students' pacing styles (i.e., the allocation of effort over time during exam preparation) relate to the effectiveness and efficiency of performance. We also examined whether behaviour-focused self-leadership strategies predict students' pac...
Last. Manuel Serrano(UCLM: University of Castilla–La Mancha)H-Index: 1
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Technology has changed both our way of life and the way in which we learn. Students now attend lectures with laptops and mobile phones, and this situation is accentuated in the case of students on Computer Science degrees, since they require their computers in order to participate in both theoretical and practical lessons. Problems, however, arise when the students' social networks are opened on their computers and they receive notifications that interrupt their work. We set up a workshop regard...
As a means to counter the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, schools were closed throughout Germany between mid-March and end of April 2020. Schooling was translocated to the students' homes where students were supposed to work on learning tasks provided by their teachers. Students' self-regulation and attributes of the learning tasks may be assumed to have played important roles when adapting to this novel schooling situation. They may be predicted to have influenced students' daily self-regulation and hence...
Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung Obwohl immer mehr Bildungsauslander*innen an deutschen Hochschulen studieren, ist uber die Einflussfaktoren auf ihren Studienerfolg bisher wenig bekannt. Da sie besonders gefordert sind, den Lernstoff eigenstandig vor- und nachzuarbeiten, untersuchte die vorliegende Studie ihr Nutzungsverhalten kognitiver und metakognitiver Lernstrategien als Schlusselkomponenten selbstregulierten Lernens und deren langsschnittliche Effekte auf Studienzufriedenheit und Abbruchinte...
Despite its recognized importance for academic success, much of the research investigating time management has proceeded without regard to a comprehensive theoretical model for understanding its connections to students’ engagement, learning, or achievement. Our central argument is that self-regulated learning provides the rich conceptual framework necessary for understanding college students’ time management and for guiding research examining its relationship to their academic success. We advanc...
#1Nick Naujoks(FAU: University of Erlangen-Nuremberg)H-Index: 2
#2Marion Händel(FAU: University of Erlangen-Nuremberg)H-Index: 8
Zum Verstandnis komplexer Lerninhalte in hochschulischen Lernsituationen konnen kognitive Lernstrategien, d. h. Organisations‑, Elaborations- und Wiederholungsstrategien, beitragen. Diese erwiesen sich in fruheren Studien als forderlich fur Leistungen. Zur Aufklarung des zeitpunktspezifischen Einsatzes von kognitiven Lernstrategien im Verlauf eines Semesters, differenziellen Nutzungsmustern uber die Zeit und ihrem Zusammenhang mit Klausurleistungen wurde die folgende Feldstudie durchgefuhrt. Ube...
Last. Garvin Brod(Goethe University Frankfurt)H-Index: 11
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Abstract. Volitional control (i. e., efforts to maintain goal striving in the face of obstacles) is an integral part of self-regulated learning and an important factor for explaining individual dif...