Background and Objectives
An important goal of periodontal therapy is the modulation of the inflammatory response. To this end, several pharmacological agents have been evaluated. Triclosan corresponds to an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent currently used in periodontal therapy. Chitosan is a natural polymer that may act as a drug delivery agent and exerts antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, an association between both molecules might be useful to prevent inflammation and tissue destruction in periodontal tissues.
Material and Methods
In the present study, we have generated chitosan-triclosan particles and evaluated their morphology, charge, biocompatibility and gene expression analysis in human gingival fibroblasts.
Results
The chitosan-triclosan particles size and Z potential were 129 ± 47 nm and 51 ± 17 mV respectively. Human gingival fibroblast viability was not affected by chitosan-triclosan. A total of 1533 genes were upregulated by interleukin (IL)-1β. On the other hand, 943 were downregulated in fibroblasts stimulated with IL-1β plus chitosan-triclosan particles. Fifty-one genes were identified as molecular targets upregulated by IL-1 β and downregulated by the chitosan-triclosan particles. The gene ontology analysis revealed that these genes were enriched in categories related to biological processes, molecular function and cellular components. Furthermore, using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction beta-actin, fibronectin, interleukin-6 and IL-1b genes were confirmed as targets upregulated by IL-1β and downregulated by chitosan-triclosan particles.
Conclusion
Our results show that chitosan-triclosan particles are able to modulate the inflammatory response in gingival fibroblasts. This effect might be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of inflammation in periodontal diseases.
#2Myon-Hee Lee(ECU: East Carolina University)H-Index: 18
Triclosan (TCS) is a synthetic, chlorinated phenolic antimicrobial agent commonly used in commercial and healthcare products. Items made with TCS include soaps, deodorants, shampoos, cosmetics, textiles, plastics, surgical sutures, and prosthetics. A wealth of information obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated the therapeutic effects of TCS, particularly against inflammatory skin conditions. Nevertheless, extensive investigations on the molecular aspects of TCS action have i...
Accurate quantification depends on normalization of the measured gene expression data. In particular, gene expression studies with exposure to metals are challenging due their toxicity and redox-active properties. Here, we assessed the stability of potential reference genes in three cell lines commonly used to study metal cell metabolism: Caco-2 (colon), HepG2 (liver) and THP-1 (peripheral blood) under copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn) exposure. We used combined statistical tools to identify the best ref...
: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional expression by translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. miRNAs bind to target mRNAs through partial complementarity, and can regulate many genes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of miR-223 on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). To determine the effects of miR-223 on the expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, HGF were stimulated by IL-1β (1 ng/...
Last. Patricio C. Smith(UC: Pontifical Catholic University of Chile)H-Index: 22
view all 8 authors...
Chitosan is a naturally derived polymer with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies evaluating the role of chitosan in the control of periodontal pathogens and the responses of fibroblasts to inflammatory stimuli are lacking. In the present study, we analyzed whether chitosan particles may inhibit the growth of periodontal pathogens and modulate the inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts. Chitosan particles were generated through ionic gelation. They inhibi...
#2Naoyuki Chosa(Iwate Medical University)H-Index: 16
Last. Koji Naruishi(Iwate Medical University)H-Index: 21
view all 4 authors...
Internleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 are the most potent proinflammatory cytokines being involved in inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. The objective of this study was to examine the syner gistic effects of IL-1β and IL-6 on gingival inflammation by targeting cultured human gingival fi broblasts (HGFs). HGFs were treated with IL-1β or IL-6/soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R), and total RNA and total cell lysate were collected to examine expression of gp130 known as a signal transducer of IL-6 using qRT-P...
Last. Edward E. Putnins(UBC: University of British Columbia)H-Index: 20
view all 6 authors...
Aim Lipopolysaccharide is a bacterial virulence factor implicated in chronic periodontitis, which may penetrate the junctional epithelial barrier and basement membrane to insult underlying stroma. We sought to identify lipopolysaccharide-induced global gene expression changes responsible for signalling between stroma and epithelium during disease onset. Materials and Methods Using a rat lipopolysaccharide periodontitis model, junctional epithelium and underlying stromal tissue were separately co...
Last. Silvana Zanlungo(UC: Pontifical Catholic University of Chile)H-Index: 28
view all 8 authors...
Background Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a neurovisceral lipid storage disorder mainly characterized by unesterified cholesterol accumulation in lysosomal/late endosomal compartments, although there is also an important storage for several other kind of lipids. The main tissues affected by the disease are the liver and the cerebellum. Oxidative stress has been described in various NPC cells and tissues, such as liver and cerebellum. Although considerable alterations occur in the liver, th...
Myofibroblasts are modified fibroblasts characterized by the presence of a well-developed contractile apparatus and the formation of robust actin stress fibers. These mechanically active cells are thought to orchestrate extracellular matrix remodeling during normal wound healing in response to tissue injury; these cells are found also in aberrant tissue remodeling in fibrosing disorders. This review surveys the understanding of the role of actin stress fibers in myofibroblast biology. Actin stre...
Last. Steven Offenbacher(UNC: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)H-Index: 102
view all 6 authors...
Barros SP, Wirojchanasak S, Barrow DA, Panagakos F, Devizio W, Offenbacher S. Triclosan inhibition of acute and chronic inflammatory gene pathways. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 412–418. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01548.x. Abstract Aim: We sought to determine whether triclosan (2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenylether), an extensively used anti-plaque agent with broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity, with reported anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1 ...
Abstract Hydrophilic nanoparticles have received much attention for delivery of therapeutic peptides, proteins, and antigens. Chitosan (CS) is a biodegradable and nontoxic polysaccharide, as a carrier for drug delivery. The study purpose was to evaluate the influence of a number of factors on the encapsulation of Naja naja oxiana (Indian or speckled cobra) venom and loading capacity, as well as to investigate the physicochemical structure of nanoparticles. CS nanoparticles were produced based on...
Last. Tit-Yee Wong(U of M: University of Memphis)H-Index: 1
view all 4 authors...
The large-scale applications of Triclosan in industrial and household products have created many health and environmental concerns. Despite the fears of its drug-resistance and other issues, Triclosan is still an effective drug against many infectious organisms. Knowing the cross-interactions of Triclosan with different antibiotics, bacteria, and humans can provide much-needed information for the risk assessment of this drug. We review the current understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms of...
#2Myon-Hee Lee(ECU: East Carolina University)H-Index: 18
Triclosan (TCS) is a synthetic, chlorinated phenolic antimicrobial agent commonly used in commercial and healthcare products. Items made with TCS include soaps, deodorants, shampoos, cosmetics, textiles, plastics, surgical sutures, and prosthetics. A wealth of information obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated the therapeutic effects of TCS, particularly against inflammatory skin conditions. Nevertheless, extensive investigations on the molecular aspects of TCS action have i...
Last. Yuanyuan Wang(PKU: Peking University)H-Index: 6
view all 6 authors...
Abstract Dental caries is a bacteria-caused condition classified among the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Treatment of dental caries implies the use of materials having regenerative and anti-bacterial properties, and controlling inflammation is critical for successful endodontic regeneration. Objectives The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize a novel composite incorporating sol-gel derived silver-doped bioactive glass (BG) in a chitosan (CS) hydrogel at a 1:1 wt ratio(Ag...
Last. Sevda Şenel(Hacettepe University)H-Index: 14
view all 3 authors...
Abstract In recent years, statin group drugs have been widely investigated in treatment of periodontal diseases due to their anti-inflammatory effect. The efficacy of statins can be enhanced by local administration into the periodontal pocket by appropriate delivery systems. The aim of our study was to develop a bioadhesive delivery system for local delivery of atorvastatin in treatment of periodontal disease. For this purpose, gel formulations were prepared using different types of chitosan (ba...