Predicting external water pressure and cracking of a tunnel lining by measuring water inflow rate

The flow of water into a tunnel, through the surrounding rock mass and the tunnel lining, has important implications for tunnel design and tunnel condition assessment. The hydraulic conductivity of the lining is a major controlling factor on the water inflow rate. Previous work had been mainly based on the assumption of constant hydraulic conductivity of the lining. In this work, the existing analytical models of water flow through a tunnel...