Materials science

Physics

Reynolds number

Nusselt number

Ferrofluid

Quantum mechanics

Heat transfer

Buoyancy

Mechanics

Nanofluid

Darcy number

Natural convection

Porosity

Rayleigh number

Thermodynamics

Magnetic field

Turbulence

Hartmann number

Porous medium

Composite material

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

MHD mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity with partially filled with a porous medium saturated with a ferrofluid has been analyzed numerically. The domain of interest consists of a bottom porous layer and a nanofluid layer over the porous one with a heated motionless bottom wall and cooled upper moved wall. The governing partial differential equations formulated on the basis of a single-phase model for nanofluid, Brinkman-extended Darcy model for porous layer and Boussinesq approximation for buoyancy force have been solved by finite difference method of the second-order accuracy. Analysis has been carried out for a wide range of Hartmann number, magnetic field inclination angle, Darcy number, porous layer height, and nanoparticles volume fraction. It has been revealed that average Nusselt number is a non-monotonic function of Darcy number and porous layer height, while a growth of Hartmann number illustrates the heat transfer rate reduction.

Effect of uniform inclined magnetic field on mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity having a horizontal porous layer saturated with a ferrofluid