Recovery of humic substances from leachate nanofiltration concentrate by a two-stage process of tight ultrafiltration membrane

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) and nanofiltration (NF) hybrid process has dominated in the treatment of leachate, however, NF concentrate generated from the process remains a challenge to be addressed. Given the high content of humic substances (HS) in NF concentrate, a promising approach by using a two-stage tight ultrafiltration (TUF) process for recovering HS as a water-soluble fertilizer was proposed. The effect of operating factors on membrane...