Development and validation of the Parenteral Nutrition Impact Questionnaire (PNIQ), a patient-centric outcome measure for Home Parenteral Nutrition

Background & aims Patients with Type 3 Intestinal Failure (IF) who need Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) face several clinical, psychological and social problems. The study was designed to produce and test the first patient-centric measure for HPN (‘PNIQ: Parenteral Nutrition Impact Questionnaire’). The new measure focused on the extent to which patients were able to fulfil their human needs. Methods Questionnaire content was derived from the...