Contradictory roles of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer prevention/promotion and chemoresistance

NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein is a cytosolic transcription factor that regulates antioxidant and stress-related enzymes. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) binds Nrf2 and accelerates ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of Nrf2. Nrf2 modifies the sensitivity of the cell environment to electrophiles and oxidants by inducing the transcriptional activation of more than 100 detoxification and cytoprotective genes....