Ablation Techniques in a Patient with a Right Accessory Pulmonary Vein. Is it Always Feasible

A 32-year-old woman with lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation had two pulmomary vein isolation procedures over 1 year, by means of the circular multipolar duty-cycled radiofrequency PVAC in the first and the Thermocool ® null SmartTouch TM null catheter in the second procedure. Following both procedures, the patient remained highly symptomatic on a weekly to monthly basis and a third procedure by using the second generation of cryoballoon Arctic...