Pending Interest Table (PIT) in Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture is complex in the forwarding operation in both upload of Interest packets and download of Data packets. PIT is considered useful for so many reasons in the centric-networking. These among other operations include: reducing bandwidth usage, communicating with no prior knowledge of publishers and subscribers, loop and packet loss detection and best security. However, despite the numerous advantages of PIT, hardware challenges, including PIT are still crucial in respect to NDN management for better memory efficiency. Due to the high access frequency to the PIT, it is essential to understand its functionality, and the effect it has on PIT performance, especially since PIT overflows. In our quest for designing a replacement policy as close to optimal as possible, we proposed a new replacement policy in PIT. This paper presents a new replacement policy named Highest Lifetime Least Request (HLLR). HLLR is designed to replace entries in the PIT which has the minimum number of incoming faces with maximum Lifetime. We have tested the policy using ndnSIM simulator and evaluated the results with some existing PIT replacement policies, i.e. Persistent (default), Least Recently Used (LRU) and Random. HLLR policy, design and evaluation are presented in this paper, aimed at obtaining better performance in case delay time, minimum Interest retransmission and Interest drop. The significance of this study is thus, it presents a conceptual model in order to tackle the issue of Interest replaces delay, which will be very much useful for managing the PIT when it is full.
Last. Mario Gerla(UCLA: University of California, Los Angeles)H-Index: 121
view all 5 authors...
Vehicular named data network (VNDN) has emerged as a promising network technology, where the focus of communication is moved from host-centric to information-centric. Since, the VNDN is at its early stage in development, there are several open issues to be explored and pending interest table (PIT) management is one of them. In VNDN, PIT stores each broadcasted interest until the required content is retrieved or its timer (PEL: PIT entry lifetime) expires. When the PIT storage is full, the vehicl...
#1Divya Saxena(IITR: Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee)H-Index: 9
#2Vaskar Raychoudhury(IITR: Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee)H-Index: 15
Last. Jiannong Cao(PolyU: Hong Kong Polytechnic University)H-Index: 69
view all 5 authors...
Internet was developed as a packet data network where users and data sources (server) with specific IP addresses interacted over a pre-established communication channel. This model of client–server data communication has evolved into a peer-to-peer mode of data sharing in recent times. Applications like, YouTube, Bit Torrent, social networks have revolutionized the idea of user generated contents. Modern users care only for specific data items irrespective of their sources. So, the idea of using...
Information Centric Networking (ICN) a future Internet, presents a new paradigm by shifting the current network to the modern network protocols. Its goal, to improve the traditional network operations by enabling ICN packet routing and forwarding based on names.This shift will bring advantages, but at the same time, it is leading to a big challenge on routing approaches to implement ICN nodes. Routing approaches must use special techniques to publish messages to all the network nodes.Flooding ap...
Named Data Networking (NDN) has emerged as a promising candidate for shifting Internet communication model from host-centric to content-centric. A core component of NDN is its stateful forwarding plane: Content Routers keep track of pending requests (Interests) storing them in dedicated tables at routers (Pending Interest Tables). A thorough analysis of PIT scalability is fundamental for deploying NDN as a whole and questions naturally arise about memory requirements and feasibility at wire-spee...
#2K. Kumar(Government College of Technology, Coimbatore)H-Index: 1
Last. K. Kumar(Government College of Technology, Coimbatore)H-Index: 5
view all 2 authors...
Named Data Networking (NDN) is an entirely new internet architecture inspired by years of empirical research into network usage. NDN is related to Content Centric Networking. Unique feature of NDN is its adaptive forwarding plane. In NDN, the packets carry the data name instead of the source and destination address. In NDN, communication takes place by the exchange of Interest and Data packets. Data consumers send Interest packets in the form of names. Routers forward the Interest packet based o...
For more than a decade, the inherent drawbacks of current Internet have been calling for its revolutionary designs. The end-to-end model, which was designed for special data transmission in the early age of Internet, is causing troubles everywhere in nowadays content based web services. Consequently, Information Centric Network (ICN) is proposed to solve these problems. As the most permanent clean-slate approach for next generation Internet, ICN has attracted much attention from network research...
To envision and evolve the Internet into the future, what required is a simple but a vital architectural modification which focuses on “What (the contents)” rather than “Where (the addresses)”, that the Internet users and the applications are more concern about. So the communication can be more in effect if the customers can simply identify that what content they want to have instead of from where the content can be possessed. To achieve this and also to make the system more efficient and effect...
Last. Antonio Capone(Polytechnic University of Milan)H-Index: 59
view all 3 authors...
The Content-Centric Networking paradigm aims at improving the Quality of Service of the Internet by providing innovative features to better handle digital content distribution. A major step towards the success of this novel paradigm is to analyze and compare its performance with respect to the most popular ways in which content is disseminated in today's IP Internet. In this paper we give clear answers to this critical issue by proposing a methodology to assess how the innovative design of Conte...
This document aims at establishing a common understanding about the evaluation of different information-centric networking (ICN) approaches so that they can be tested and compared against each other while showcasing their own advantages. Towards this end, we review the ICN literature and document scenarios which have been considered in previous performance evaluation studies. We discuss a variety of aspects that an ICN solution can address. This includes general aspects, such as, network efficie...
The proliferation of user-generated content available over the Internet and the growing need for disassociation of the content from its location has introduced a new aspect for the design of the Future Internet: the transition from a host-centric to an information-centric network paradigm. However, information-centric network is still a very young research area and, as such, there are a number of weaknesses in existing designs. This paper presents its main design issues and establishes some prin...
#1Vishwa Pratap Singh(IP: Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University)H-Index: 1
#2R. L. Ujjwal(IP: Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University)H-Index: 3
Last. R. L. Ujjwal(IP: Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University)H-Index: 1
view all 2 authors...
Abstract Name data networking (NDN) is one of the proposed ICN based future Internet architecture aims to substitute our current TCP/IP based Internet. The recent advancements in technology reduced the cost to connect to the Internet and made it feasible to connect a wide variety of devices that leads to rapid growth in hand-held devices and exponentially increased Internet users. The Internet usage pattern has also changed dramatically in the last decade and a considerable proportion of Interne...
#2Sukumar Nandi(IITG: Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati)H-Index: 25
Abstract Named Data Networking (NDN) is a promising candidate of Future Internet Architecture (FIA) designed to solve many long-standing issues in current IP architecture such as security, mobility, and content distribution inefficiency. Pending Interest Table (PIT) is one of the essential building blocks of NDN, which is used in the successful delivery of data packets to the requesters. It helps to achieve intrinsic advantages such as anonymity, interest aggregation, multi-cast delivery, multi-...
#1Peiyuan Gu(BISTU: Beijing Information Science & Technology University)
#2Yabin Xu(BISTU: Beijing Information Science & Technology University)
Last. Tian Song(BIT: Beijing Institute of Technology)
view all 3 authors...
In Named Data Networking (NDN), Pending Interest Table (PIT) is proposed to record the forwarding information of interest packets forwarded but not responded. Each incoming interest packet or data packet needs to be queried and processed in PIT, and the overhead would rise as the scale of PIT increases. Therefore, PIT is required to have a very high processing speed. To effectively improve the forwarding efficiency of PIT in NDN, a new architecture of the PIT using a hot table to achieve prefix ...
Most of the services used by Internet consumers such as social network platforms, video-on-demand, on-line gaming, web Media, and IP Television which are content-centric in nature; meaning they focus on named content objects instead of being focused on the host-location. In this context, many projects around named data propose redesigning and developing the communication of Internet-based on named data. NDN (Named Data Networking) is an ideal solution to achieve efficient data sharing and retrie...
Last. Sukumar Nandi(IITG: Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati)H-Index: 25
view all 4 authors...
Named Data Networking (NDN) is a newly-emerging future Internet Architecture which focuses on content rather than hosts. It changes the communication model from ‘delivering content to a specific host’ to ‘fetching content by using names’. One of the major components in NDN is Pending Interest Table (PIT). Its unique design brings the following advantages in NDN: anonymity, loop-free forwarding, multipath delivery, and multicast. One of the key challenges in NDN is cho...
Named Data Networking (NDN) is an emerging Internet architecture that employs a new network communication model based on the identity of Internet content. Its core component, the Pending Interest Table (PIT) serves a significant role of recording Interest packet information which is ready to be sent but in waiting for matching Data packet. In managing PIT, the issue of flow PIT sizing has been very challenging due to massive use of long Interest lifetime particularly when there is no flexible re...