Sensitivity of driving forces on molten pool behavior and defect formation in high-speed gas tungsten arc welding

The effect of multi-coupled driving forces on molten pool behavior and defect formation in high-current and high-speed gas tungsten arc welding is investigated quantitatively and systematically through combination of sensitivity analysis and experimentally validated numerical modelling. The arc shear stress is the dominant driving force to facilitate free surface deformation of molten pool and backward flow of liquid metal, which masks the...