Second-look Flexible Nephroscopy Combined With Holmium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser Lithotripsy Under Local Anesthesia: A Prospective Study

To present a prospectively studied series of patients who underwent second-look flexible nephroscopy combined with holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy under local anesthesia for residual stone removal after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Thirty consecutive eligible patients who underwent a PCNL procedure in the previous 48-96 hours were included. The inclusion criteria were the following: (1) 1 or 2 residual stones...