An effective soil slurry bioremediation protocol for the treatment of Libyan soil contaminated with crude oil tank bottom sludge

Petroleum hydrocarbons are the most widespread contaminants in the environment. Soil contamination with crude oil tank bottom sludge (COTBS) represents a significant risk to both human and environmental health. Current traditional approaches only partially resolve the issue as they are inefficient, expensive, not environmentally friendly and leave behind unwanted products; hence, there is an urgent need to develop an environmentally friendly and...