E-bikes and E-scooters for Smart Logistics: Environmental and Economic Sustainability in Pro-E-bike Italian Pilots

The paper presents the final results of the Italian pilots of Pro-E-Bike, a project funded under the Intelligent Energy Europe programme, started on April 2013 and ending on March 2016 (www.pro-e-bike.org). The project promotes clean and energy efficient vehicles, analyses the performance of electric bicycles and electric scooters for the delivering of goods in urban areas and tests the use of these vehicles in seven European countries with...