PS-341-Induced Apoptosis is Related to JNK-Dependent Caspase 3 Activation and It is Negatively Regulated by PI3K/Akt-Mediated Inactivation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in Lung Cancer Cells

Background PS-341 is a novel, highly selective and potent proteasome inhibitor, which showed cytotoxicity against some tumor cells. Its anti-tumor activity has been suggested to be associated with modulation of the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins, such as p53, p21WAF/CIP1, p27KIP1, NF-κ, Bax and Bcl-2. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β are important modulators of apoptosis. However, their role in...