Exploring the long-term Cenozoic Arctic Ocean climate history: a challenge within the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP)

The global climate evolution during Cenozoic times is characterized by the transformation from warm Paleogene oceans with low latitudinal and bathymetric thermal gradients into the more recent modes of circulation characterized by strong thermal gradients, oceanic fronts, cold deep oceans, and cold high-latitude surface waters. Our understanding of this long-term Cenozoic climate history is mainly based on the continuous and high-resolution...