Response of buried steel pipelines subjected to relative axial soil movement

The performance of buried steel pipelines subjected to relative soil movements in the axial direction was investigated using full-scale pullout testing in a soil chamber. Measured axial soil loads from pullout testing of pipes buried in loose dry sand were comparable to those predicted using guidelines commonly used in practice. The peak values of axial pullout resistance observed on pipes buried in dense dry sand were several-fold (in excess of...