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The Leadership Quarterly

According to Hitt (1998), “we are on the precipice of an epoch,” in the midst of a new economic age, in which twenty-first century organizations are facing a complex competitive landscape driven largely by globalization and the technological revolution. This new age is about an economy where knowledge is a core commodity and the rapid production of knowledge and innovation is critical to organizational survival (Bettis and Hitt, 1995; Boisot, 1998). Consistent with these changes, much discussion is taking place in the management literature regarding challenges facing organizations in a transitioning world (Barkema et al., 2002; Bettis and Hitt, 1995; Child and McGrath, 2001).

Complexity Leadership Theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era