Multiobjective crashworthiness optimization of functionally lateral graded foam-filled tubes

Foam-filled tubes have recently gained attention due to their excellent energy absorption capacity. In order to improve the crashworthiness of foam-filled tubes, the energy absorption characteristics of two kinds of functionally lateral graded foam-filled tubes (FLGFTs) are investigated in this paper. Based on the numerical results, it is found that each of the two kinds of FLGFTs has more excellent energy absorption capacity than the ordinary...