Pullout Resistance Characteristics of Cast Iron Pipe

Cast iron pipe came into heavy use during the latter half of the 19th century and numerous utility companies formed extensive pipeline networks using cast iron pipes until 1940s. Later cast iron pipe was superseded by ductile iron pipe. The existing cast iron pipelines have been in service for a long period of time, with some of them being more than a century old. While many of the existing cast iron pipelines remain perfectly serviceable, some...