Abstract A high-activity Al(OH) 3 suspension is prepared by the reaction of Al with water using an ultrasonic procedure. The above Al(OH) 3 suspension could considerably promote the Al-water reaction and hydrogen-generation under ambient condition. This Al(OH) 3 suspension has a good stability in air and its activity increases with decreasing the particle sizes of Al powder to prepare it. The mechanism analyses reveal that the Al(OH) 3 particles in ultrasonically prepared Al(OH) 3 suspensions are very fine, which could effectively dissociate water molecules and promote the hydration of the passive oxide film on Al particle surfaces, speeding up the Al-water reaction. As the present Al(OH) 3 suspension is chemically neutral and there is no special treatment for Al powder, the present method provides a viable way to generate hydrogen for portable application.
Last. Zhen-Yan Deng(SHU: Shanghai University)H-Index: 12
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SUMMARY Hydrogen generation by the reaction of pure Al powder in water with the addition of Al(OH)3, γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3, or TiO2 at mild temperatures was investigated. It was found that the reaction of Al with water is promoted and the reaction induction time decreases greatly by the above hydroxide and oxides. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the hydroxide and oxide phases have no any change during the Al–water reaction, indicating that they are just as catalysts to assist the reaction of...
#1Xingyu Chen(CSU: Central South University)H-Index: 17
#2Zhongwei Zhao(CSU: Central South University)H-Index: 6
Last. Zhongyang Tang(CSU: Central South University)H-Index: 2
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Abstract The addition of Li can prevent an inert alumina film from forming on the surface of Al alloy particles, allowing the rapid hydrogen generation of Al alloys to be achieved. However, because the Li content is less than 10%, the hydrogen generation rate and hydrogen yield of Al–Li alloys are significantly decreased. In this work, NaCl is introduced to prepare Al–Li alloys with low Li contents by ball milling. The research results show that by increasing the amount of NaCl added, the ball m...
#2Jerzy A. Szpunar(U of S: University of Saskatchewan)H-Index: 66
a b s t r a c t Mechanism of corrosion in aluminum particles by hot water treatment for hydrogen generation is evaluated. The aluminum powder was activated by ball milling for different durations, which modified size and microstructure of the particles. Open circuit potential test was carried out to elucidate different stages of the reaction. Tafel test was used to explain the effect of ball milling and growth of hydroxide layer on corrosion of the particles. Surface, cross section and thickness...
#1Shani Elitzur(Technion – Israel Institute of Technology)H-Index: 4
#2Valery Rosenband(Technion – Israel Institute of Technology)H-Index: 12
Last. Alon Gany(Technion – Israel Institute of Technology)H-Index: 23
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Abstract The rate and yield of hydrogen production from the reaction between activated aluminum and water has been investigated. The effect of different parameters such as water–aluminum ratio, water temperature and aluminum particle size and shape was studied experimentally. The aluminum activation method developed in-house involves 1%–2.5% of lithium-based activator which is diffused into the aluminum particles, enabling sustained reaction with tap water or sea water at room temperature. Hydro...
The mechanism of fast hydrogen generation from pure water using selectively activated Al-SnCl2 composites was elucidated with the help of experimental data using combined XRD, SEM, EDX, DSC and calorimetric techniques. It is found that H-2 is produced from two different but simultaneous routes specific to the Al-SnCl2 composite stoichiometry achieved after ball milling the precursor that readily yields, besides the excess of Al, Sn and AlCl3. Hydrogen is simultaneously produced from the reaction...
Abstract Recently, the aluminum–water reaction has attracted the attention because it is a convenient method for producing on-board hydrogen for a fuel cell. This work is a study of the effect of the Ni/Al ratio, NaCl content and reaction medium on hydrogen generation using the aluminum-water reaction. The induction time is clearly reduced and the hydrogen generation in water is improved by varying the Ni/Al ratio. Increasing NaCl content slightly increases the quantity of hydrogen generated bec...
#1Teng He(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 25
#2W. H. Wang(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 50
Last. K. Yang(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 16
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Abstract Ti-bearing Al alloys (0.1–1 wt.%) were prepared using arc melting techniques. Their microstructures were investigated using XRD and SEM/EDX, and found to depend strongly on Ti contents. Al grains are columnar as Ti contents are lower, but they are refined and turn into equiaxed ones when Ti contents are higher. The particle sizes of Ga–In–Sn phase decrease with Al grain refinement. Al–water reactivities were also investigated under different water temperatures. Kinetic measurements foun...
Abstract The Al–water reaction has attracted considerable attention in the past few years, because it is an economically viable way to supply hydrogen for portable and kW-grade fuel cells. The water type is found to have a significant impact on Al–water reaction. In this work, the effect of trace species in water on Al–water reaction is investigated systematically. It is found that the trace organic acids originated from the decay of botanies and animals in nature and trace F − ions, rather than...
Last. Zhen-Yan Deng(SHU: Shanghai University)H-Index: 19
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A facile route was used to modify Al particle surfaces by putting Al particles into an Al(OH)3 suspension, which was produced by the reaction of Al powder with water under vacuum at a mild temperature, then drying and heat-treating under vacuum at elevated temperature. The modified Al powder has a good reaction activity with water to generate hydrogen, and its reaction rate depends on the sizes of Al particles used to produce Al(OH)3 suspension. The reaction induction time of the modified Al pow...
Abstract In the US, the total amount of aluminum scrap and waste, including foil, is outpacing efforts to recycle it into conventional aluminum materials. It would be attractive to develop technologies for converting aluminum foil scrap and waste to useful products and energy carriers. The present paper focuses on the feasibility of converting foil to activated Al powders that chemically split water, releasing hydrogen. As a method for this conversion, high-energy ball milling of Al foil with so...
Last. Yong Liu(SICNU: Sichuan Normal University)H-Index: 1
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Abstract Hydrogen generation by the reaction of micrometer-aluminum powder with water at room temperature is hard to proceed due to the inhibition of alumina layer. In this study, a novel strategy of metal salts mediated Al-water reaction was proposed for more efficient and practical hydrogen generation. The effects of metal salt composition and dosage, and water injection rate and volume on hydrogen generation were investigated. The hydrogen yield of 230.0 mL was achieved in the Al/Ni/Cu/H2O sy...
Last. Kailas L. Wasewar(VRCE: Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology)H-Index: 50
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AbstractThe present study reports the effect of the addition of room temperature liquid metal gallium on hydrogen generation in water splitting reaction using aluminum. The various proportions of g...
The tumor microenvironment regulates tumor progression and the spread of cancer in the body. Applications of nanomaterials that can dysregulate tumor-microenvironment are emerging as a promising anti-cancer approaches, which can improve the efficacy of existing cancer treatments. We have reported that agglomerates of radially assembled Al hydroxide crumpled nanosheets with the disordered defective surface structure have a large positive charge and therefore can lead to ion imbalance at the cell ...
Last. Zhen-Yan Deng(SHU: Shanghai University)H-Index: 12
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In this work, pristine aluminum (Al) powder was soaked in deionized water for a time period and then it was dried and heat-treated at 400 °C such that a layer of fine Al2O3 grains covered the Al particle surfaces, forming oxide modified Al powder (OM-Al). It was found that OM-Al greatly enhanced the efficiency in removing methyl orange (M-orange) and methyl blue (M-blue) in aqueous solution. The time to completely degrade M-orange and M-blue by OM-Al is about one third of that by pristine Al pow...
#1Samikannu Prabu(CYCU: Chung Yuan Christian University)H-Index: 5
#2Hong-Wen Wang(CYCU: Chung Yuan Christian University)H-Index: 5
Abstract The high catalytic effect of a graphite-mixed Al(OH)3 nanoparticles (NPs) for the hydrogen generation from the reaction of Al and water is reported. These graphite-mixed Al(OH)3 NPs were synthesized through a simple solvothermal procedure. Characterization using powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were carried out. The results show that small amounts of graphite added into Al(OH)3 NPs could significantl...
#1Shengan Wu(CSU: Central South University)H-Index: 5
#2Shouyao Hu(CSU: Central South University)H-Index: 2
Last. Haiyan Wang(CSU: Central South University)H-Index: 54
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Abstract Alkaline aluminum-air batteries show great potential for energy storage applications because of their high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, they are suffering from severe anodic self-corrosion and the gelation of electrolyte which greatly reduce the practical energy density and shelf life. Herein, we firstly construct an efficient high-energy alkaline Al-air battery based on high-concentration potassium acetate-potassium hydroxide electrolyte and prototype optimization....
Abstract Kinetic models were fit to experimental hydrogen production data from a stirred microspherical aluminum corrosion reactor, one model for each of two Al initial conditions prior to immersion in aqueous sodium hydroxide at pH 13.17–13.48: (i) air-dry, and (ii) water-suspended for 0.5–2 h, of which the latter has not been studied. Data fitting was fairly precise ( R 2 > 0.97 ) , and results were confirmed by comparison to shrinking core models of the reaction time. Key findings were a low ...
Last. Kailas L. Wasewar(VRCE: Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology)H-Index: 50
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Abstract The in-situ hydrogen generation through water splitting reaction using waste aluminum wires has been studied in presence of room temperature liquid metal gallium and alkaline activator potassium hydroxide. Various proportions of gallium i.e. 50%, 75%, 90% and 95% (weight by weight of the total metal in reaction) were used in order to study the effect of gallium addition on the water splitting reaction. The effect of addition of gallium on the water splitting reaction was also studied an...
Last. Zhen-Yan Deng(SHU: Shanghai University)H-Index: 19
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Abstract Zero-valent aluminum has attracted considerable attention in degradation of organic contaminants and reduction of heavy metal ions due to its very low redox potential (E0(Al3+/Al0) = -1.662 V). Usually there is a passive oxide film on Al surface, inhibiting its electron transfer and leading to low reaction efficiency. In this work, metal Al surface was modified by loose fine Al2O3 (SM-Al) using a procedure of soaking Al powder in water for a time period and then heat-treating in vacuum....
