Radiation dose to the skin in contact with unshielded syringes containing radioactive substances

A computer program has been used to calculate dose-rates at surface sites on syringes containing commonly used radioactive solutions for diagnostic and therapeutic injections. The calculations included doses due to characteristic X rays, γ rays, and β particles and make allowance for absorption in the source and syringe wall. The three sites chosen were the finger and thumb positions and the surface over the centre of the active volume, and...