Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Complicating Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Ablation procedures for atrial fibrillation are being performed with increasing frequency. One of the most serious complications is the development of pulmonary vein stenosis, which occurs in 1% to 3% of current series. The presentation of pulmonary vein stenosis varies widely. The majority of patients are symptomatic although specific referral bias patterns can affect this. Symptoms may include dyspnea or hemoptysis or may be consistent with...