Flanking Sequences for the Human Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 NF-κB Response Element Are Necessary for Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced Gene Expression

The regulated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) plays an important role in inflammation and immune responses. Induction of ICAM-1 gene transcription by TNF-α has previously been shown to be dependent upon a region of the ICAM-1 5′-flanking sequences that contains a modified κB site. We demonstrate here that this modified κB site alone is insufficient for induction of...