Determination of pyrethroid pesticides residues in vegetable oils using liquid–liquid extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

A simple, fast and economical method has been developed for the determination of fenpropathrin, sumithrin, cyhalothrin, permethrin and deltamethrin in vegetable oils. The method is based on a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique after a preliminary liquid–liquid extraction step, which is followed by a gas chromatography–flame ionization detection or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination. Initially oil samples...